Amphetamine salts (Adderall): what it does and how it works
Amphetamine salts treat ADHD and narcolepsy. How Adderall works, what to expect, common side effects and who shouldn't take it.
Amphetamine salts, sold as Adderall and generic versions, treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. The medication is a combination of amphetamine and dextroamphetamine salts.
How it works
Amphetamine salts work as central nervous system stimulants. They increase the activity of neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. This heightened activity improves focus, attention and impulse control in people with ADHD.
What to expect
Most people taking amphetamine salts report improved concentration and reduced restlessness within 30 to 60 minutes of taking an immediate-release dose. Effects typically last 4 to 6 hours. Extended-release formulations work over 8 to 12 hours.
Side effects
Common side effects include insomnia, decreased appetite, dry mouth and increased heart rate. Less common but serious side effects can include heart problems, high blood pressure and psychiatric symptoms.
Who shouldn't take it
Amphetamine salts aren't suitable for people with heart conditions, high blood pressure, hyperthyroidism, glaucoma or a history of drug abuse. Pregnant women should discuss risks with their doctor before taking this medication.
Getting started
Doctors typically start patients on low doses and increase gradually based on response and tolerance. Regular monitoring helps catch side effects early.