Clomiphene: Fertility medication for ovulation induction
Clomiphene stimulates ovulation in people with irregular cycles or unexplained infertility. How it works, side effects, and what to expect during treatment.
What clomiphene does
Clomiphene is a fertility medication that triggers ovulation by blocking estrogen receptors in the brain. It signals the pituitary gland to release more follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), which prompt the ovaries to produce and release an egg.
Who uses it
Clomiphene is typically prescribed for:
- People with irregular or absent ovulation
- Unexplained infertility
- Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
- Male factor infertility (off-label use)
How you take it
Clomiphene comes as an oral tablet, usually taken once daily for five days early in the menstrual cycle. Treatment typically begins on day three, four, or five of your cycle.
Side effects
Common side effects include hot flashes, mood swings, bloating, and headaches. These are usually mild and stop after the medication clears your system.
Rare but serious risks include ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) and multiple pregnancies.
Success rates and timeline
About 80 percent of people ovulate on clomiphene. Pregnancy rates vary between 20 and 40 percent, depending on the cause of infertility and other factors. Most pregnancies occur within the first three to six months of treatment.
Cost and access
Clomiphene is one of the cheapest fertility medications, typically costing 50 to 100 dollars per cycle without insurance. Many insurance plans cover it when medically necessary.