Disulfiram for Alcohol Use Disorder: How It Works and What to Expect
Disulfiram deters drinking by causing unpleasant reactions if alcohol is consumed. Learn how this medication works, side effects, and whether it's right for you.
How Disulfiram Works
Disulfiram is a medication that creates a strong deterrent to drinking. If you take disulfiram and then consume alcohol, your body experiences an unpleasant physical reaction: flushing, nausea, vomiting, headache, and chest pain. This reaction is not dangerous at low alcohol doses, but it's uncomfortable enough to discourage drinking.
The medication works by blocking an enzyme called aldehyde dehydrogenase. This enzyme normally breaks down acetaldehyde, a toxic byproduct of alcohol metabolism. When you drink on disulfiram, acetaldehyde builds up in your body, triggering the reaction described above.
Who Uses Disulfiram
Disulfiram is prescribed for alcohol use disorder in people who have already stopped drinking and want to stay stopped. It's not a treatment for active addiction; it's a tool for maintaining abstinence.
You need to be committed to not drinking before starting disulfiram. The medication only works if you choose not to drink, knowing the consequences.
Side Effects and Considerations
Common side effects include metallic taste, drowsiness, and headache. Disulfiram can also interact with other medications and substances containing alcohol (mouthwash, cough syrup, some foods).
You should not start disulfiram if you've consumed alcohol in the past 12 hours. Your doctor will monitor liver function during treatment, as the medication can affect the liver.
Is Disulfiram Right for You
Disulfiram works best for people who are motivated to abstain from alcohol and want an extra layer of protection against impulsive drinking. It doesn't reduce cravings or address underlying causes of addiction, so it typically works best alongside counselling or other support.
Talk to your doctor about whether disulfiram fits your recovery plan.