Metformin: The First-Line Diabetes Medication
Metformin is the most commonly prescribed medication for type 2 diabetes. It works by lowering blood sugar and improving how your body uses insulin.
Metformin is the starting point for most type 2 diabetes treatment. Here's what you need to know.
How Metformin Works
Metformin reduces the amount of glucose your liver produces and improves your body's ability to use insulin. It does not cause weight gain and does not trigger dangerously low blood sugar on its own.
Why Doctors Start Here
Metformin is first-line because it has:
- Decades of safety data
- Low cost, especially generic versions
- A track record of reducing complications
- Tolerable side effects for most people
Common Side Effects
Gastrointestinal issues are most common: nausea, diarrhea, and stomach upset. These often improve with time or by taking metformin with food. Some people experience a metallic taste or vitamin B12 changes with long-term use.
Dosing and Monitoring
Metformin comes in immediate-release and extended-release forms. Starting doses are typically low and increased gradually. Your doctor will monitor kidney function because metformin is not suitable for people with severe kidney disease.
Cost and Access
Generic metformin is one of the cheapest diabetes medications available. Most insurance plans cover it, and many discount programs offer 30-day supplies for under $5.
If metformin alone does not control your blood sugar, your doctor will add a second medication rather than increase metformin beyond its effective dose.