Tretinoin: What to expect and how it works
Tretinoin is a retinoid prescription medication for acne and photoaging. Learn how it works, what to expect, and common side effects.
Tretinoin basics
Tretinoin is a prescription retinoid that treats acne and sun-damaged skin. It works by speeding up cell turnover and reducing oil production in pores.
How tretinoin works
Tretinoin binds to retinoid receptors in skin cells, prompting them to divide and shed faster than normal. This clears dead skin and bacteria from pores, preventing acne formation. For photoaging, increased cell turnover smooths fine lines and improves skin texture over time.
What to expect
Results take 8 to 12 weeks of consistent use. Your skin will likely get worse before it gets better. Expect redness, peeling, dryness and irritation for the first 4 to 6 weeks, a phase called retinization.
Side effects
Common side effects include dryness, flaking, redness and sensitivity to sun. Less common: burning, itching, and temporary darkening of treated skin in people with darker skin tones.
Important: tretinoin and pregnancy
Tretinoin is a category X medication: it causes severe birth defects and must never be used during pregnancy or while trying to conceive. Use reliable contraception if you are able to become pregnant.
Getting tretinoin
Tretinoin requires a prescription. Dermatologists prescribe it most often, but some telehealth providers offer it after an online assessment. Costs range from $15 to $100 per month depending on strength, formulation and insurance coverage.