Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim): uses, side effects and cost
How trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole works, what it treats, common side effects, and what you'll pay for it. Plain facts on this antibiotic combination.
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, sold as Bactrim and other brands, is a two-part antibiotic that treats bacterial infections. It combines trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole to stop bacteria from reproducing.
What it treats
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole covers urinary tract infections (UTIs), certain respiratory infections, ear infections, and some stomach and bowel infections. It also prevents a specific type of pneumonia in people with weakened immune systems.
How it works
The two antibiotics work together. Sulfamethoxazole stops bacteria from making folic acid. Trimethoprim blocks the next step in that process. This one-two approach kills a wide range of common bacteria.
Side effects
Most people tolerate it well. Common ones are nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and headache. Some people develop a rash or sensitivity to sunlight. Severe allergic reactions are rare but possible. Tell your doctor if you have a sulfa drug allergy.
Cost
Generic trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is inexpensive. A month's supply typically costs $10 to $30 without insurance, depending on dose and pharmacy. Brand-name Bactrim costs more.
Before you take it
Tell your doctor if you have kidney or liver problems, a folate deficiency, or a history of sulfa allergies. Some medicines interact with it. Finish the full course even if you feel better.
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